Many Nigerians hear the term “fundamental rights” but are unsure what it truly means. Simply put, fundamental rights are basic freedoms guaranteed to every person under the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended).
These rights protect individuals from abuse by the government and, in some cases, from other individuals.
Where Are Fundamental Rights Found?
They are contained in Chapter IV of the 1999 Constitution.
Some of the key rights include:
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Right to life
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Right to dignity of the human person
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Right to personal liberty
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Right to fair hearing
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Right to private and family life
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Right to freedom of expression
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Right to peaceful assembly
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Right to freedom from discrimination
Can Fundamental Rights Be Violated?
Yes. Common examples include:
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Unlawful arrest or detention
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Police brutality
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Seizure of property without lawful authority
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Denial of fair hearing
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Suppression of peaceful protest
What Can You Do If Your Right Is Violated?
You can file a Fundamental Rights Enforcement action in the High Court (State or Federal). These cases are usually faster than regular civil cases.
Important Note
Fundamental rights are not absolute. Some rights can be restricted in the interest of public safety, public order or national security — but only according to law.
